(October 17, 2019) Monitoring energy gap using Body Composition scales for men
(October 17, 2019) Monitoring energy gap using Body Composition scales for men
Muscle strength and regional lean body mass influence on mineral bone health in young male adults
Published: January 25, 2018 (death date of my father (from congenital heart disease))
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191769
Result:
The values of Lean Mass for whole-body (55.41±7.64 kg), Upper Limbs (6.80±1.21 kg), trunk (25.88±4.14 kg) and Lower Limbs (19.13±2.50 kg) all presented moderate to high and significant correlations to Bone Mineral Content (BMC) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD), but regional values for Upper Limbs and Lower Limbs coefficients were larger than those for whole-body.
Predicted lean body mass, fat mass, and all cause and cause specific mortality in men: prospective US cohort study
Published: July 3, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2575
Result: Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1987-2012
The risk of all cause mortality was relatively flat until around 21 kg of predicted fat mass and then started to increase rapidly afterwards (P for non-linearity <0.001). The average BMI (Body Mass Index) for men with 21 kg of predicted fat mass was 25. Above 21 kg, the hazard ratio per standard deviation higher predicted fat mass was 1.22 (1.18 to 1.26). Regarding the strong U shaped relation between predicted lean body mass and all cause mortality, the plot showed a substantial reduction of the risk within the lower range of predicted lean body mass, which reached the lowest risk around 56 kg and then increased thereafter (P for non-linearity <0.001). Below 56 kg, the hazard ratio per standard deviation higher predicted lean body mass was 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92).
Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval): 1 as Reference for BMI (Body Mass Index)
Model 5: (Fifth of fat mass, fifth of lean body mass) Derived from validated anthropometric prediction equations; height was adjusted by inclusion as continuous variable for fat mass and by regression out of variation due to height for lean body mass. (Hazard ratio of all cause mortality according to BMI in men) Additionally, excluded participants with lean body mass below 10th centile (below 51 kg lean body mass).
18.5-20.4 BMI = 0.79 (0.38 to 1.66)
20.5-22.4 BMI = 0.93 (0.85 to 1.03)
22.5-24.9 BMI = 1 (reference)
25.0-27.4 BMI = 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)
27.5-29.9 BMI = 1.24 (1.17 to 1.31)
30.0-34.9 BMI = 1.34 (1.25 to 1.44)
≥35.0 BMI = 2.06 (1.78 to 2.38)
One-day % body fat monitoring in 2016 at 28 years of age: verifiable with my DXA scan (National Kidney and Transplant Institute) of the same year
My % body fat of ‘Standard Mode’ using Tanita Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), hand-to-foot BC-545N method or equivalent (https://www.tanita.com/)
Result: 11.2% Body Fat, 19.8 Body Mass Index (minus predicted clothes weight; approx. 58.7 kg body weight) at 172 cm maximum standing height
My % body fat of ‘Athlete Mode’ using Tanita Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), hand-to-foot RD-545 method or equivalent (https://www.tanita.com/)
Result: recorded but I cannot remember
Others that may be assessed: Body Mass Index, Body Fat %, Body Part Fat %, Visceral Fat Level, Whole Body and Body Part Muscle Mass, Whole Body and Limbs Muscle Quality, Bone Mass, Basal Metabolic Rate; possibly comparative whole body muscle quality and its balance; standing heart rate may be added
‘Athlete Mode’ Parameters
https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2004/04000/Minimum_Weight_Prediction_Methods_Cross_Validated.13.aspx
a. Minimum Weight Prediction Methods Cross-Validated by the Four-Component Model (published April 2004): Using its wrestling sample, the ‘athlete mode’ provides an estimate of % body fat that averages 6% less than the standard mode. (‘athlete mode’ mean at 11.0% body fat ± 3.7 standard deviation)
https://www.acefitness.org/education-and-resources/lifestyle/tools-calculators/percent-body-fat-calculator
b. American Council on Exercise (updated): According to % Body Fat norms for men, it indicates 2-5% for essential fat, 6-13% for athletes, 14-17% for fitness, 18-24% for acceptable, and >25% for obesity.
c. Physical fitness assessments and norms for adults and law enforcement (book ©2007 by the Cooper Institute): For men 20-29 years old, my 11.2% body fat may be considered on the low end of ‘Excellent’ rating (highest at 7.9%) and near the threshold of ‘Good’ rating (at 11.5%), or depending on other references cited. ‘Very lean’ rating (highest at 4.2% as 99th percentile) is > ‘Excellent’ rating numerically.
Other reference:
https://educacaofisicaaefcps.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/acsm__039_s_resources_for_the_personal_trainer__american_college_sports_medici_.pdf
American College of Sports Medicine’s Resources for the Personal Trainer (updated; adapted with permission from the Cooper Institute)
My test preparation applied:
Bioelectrical Impedance Methods for Noninvasive Health Monitoring: A Review
Published June 17, 2014
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jme/2014/381251/
The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) procedures are conducted on the subject who should not
(1) eat or drink caffeine for 4 hours prior to your appointment,
(2) exercise for 12 hours prior to the person’s appointment,
(3) wear tight clothing or pantyhose,
(4) apply ****** on the person’s hands and feet prior to your appointment and
(5) let the person take his diuretic medication within 6 hours prior to your appointment.
The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) procedures are conducted on the subject who should
(1) remove all metal jewellery prior to doing the assessment and
(2) drink 2–4 glasses of water within 2 hours of your appointment.
Richard Benedict Baltazar
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